Understanding Restless Leg Syndrome
Restless leg syndrome, also known as RLS or Ekbom Syndrome, is a disorder characterized by unpleasant sensations accompanying an uncontrollable urge to move the lower legs. It usually happens at rest or before sleep. The unpleasant sensations are usually in the form of pain although people who suffer from it might describe the feelings and sensations in different ways.
RLS affects women more than men and the incidence increases with age. People over the age of sixty who are afflicted with insomnia are also diagnosed with RLS. There are also certain medical conditions like diabetes, arthritis and varicose veins that increase the risk of its development.
The sensations which are typical of this sleep disorder usually occur when the person is at rest. The crawly, tingly and painful sensations obviously have a devastating effect on sleep. The symptoms cause the person to get in and out of bed repeatedly because of the irrepressible urge to move around. And because the person's sleep in repeatedly interrupted, extreme daytime sleepiness (EDS) is the consequence.
Restless leg syndrome is often described by researchers as a malfunction of the pathways in the brain that controls movement reflexes and sensations, making it a neurological disorder. Its primary cause is still unknown although there is evidence to suggest that a lack of iron may be a factor. There is also evidence that it has a genetic base. RLS occurs three to five times more frequently in an immediate family member of someone suffering from RLS than in the general population.
Currently, restless leg syndrome cannot be diagnosed through a routine medical examination. Doctors will often base their diagnosis on information of the symptoms as described by the patient. They also take into account family history, and the results of a blood test to determine if there is a blood disorder.
The treatment for RLS is aimed at controlling the debilitating sensations, and this is done through medication. Although there are no approved drugs, dopamine agents, benzodiazepines, opioids or anticonvulsants have been found effective. These do not in any way cure RLS, rather they help manage the symptoms.
The other mode of treatment is by way of natural remedies and some lifestyle changes. Dieting, exercising, intake of supplements such as iron, folic acid, vitamin E and relaxation techniques like meditation and yoga have all helped in alleviating the suffering. Reduction or elimination of caffeine and alcohol has also been found effective on some patients.
